Population Ageing in Canada

Introduction Population ageing refers to the aspect of a society in which the number of the elderly people past the retirement age is continually increasing with respect to the total population. An ageing population is normally characterized by increased percentage of the categorized older people in a given society. This paper seeks to discuss the topic of population ageing in Canada.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Population Ageing in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper will look into aspects of population ageing in Canada in terms of its causes and impacts as well as policies that should be considered in order to alleviate possible problems that the population ageing may cause in Canada. The Canadian Demography The structure of the Canadian demography is majorly determined by the country’s aspects of birth rate, mortality rates, life expectancy, emigration from the country and immigrations into the country. The birth rate and the total period fertility are statistical projections calculated from past records of a society. The two elements describe the average number of children that is expected of a woman in her lifetime. The trend in birth rate in Canada can be categorically described in three groups due to the similarity in past and projected patterns that is realized. The birth rates of women between the ages of twenty and twenty seven has a characteristic decreasing trend in the past observed data with a similarly decreasing trend which is almost stagnant in the projected statistics. The category of women ranging from twenty eight years old to thirty two years has experienced a decreasing trend in birth rate which however picked up in the year 2005 and is projected to increase in future. The other category is the age group of thirty three to thirty nine years who have experienced an increasing past trend in birth rate and a corresponding increasing projection in the future periods of time. The total period fertility of the country registered a decreasing trend up to the year 2001 before rising until the year 2010 with further projected increase. The average birth rate has been significantly low, decreasing from 1.7 percent in the early 1990s to almost one percent in the year 2003 before slightly increasing (Dungan and Murphy, 2010). The Canadian population is recorded to have a fair balance in terms of gender. The death rates in Canada also exhibit a trend that slightly varies across different ages. The death rate in Canada has fairly been constant at the age group of between thirty to thirty nine years. This rate is also projected to remain constant.Advertising Looking for essay on aging? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Age group between forty to fifty nine years has averagely experienced a reduced death rate which is projected to decrease over the future. However, the older generati on has over the past experienced a fluctuating death rate which retained the general decreasing tendency with a smoothly decreasing projection. The average death rate is significantly noted to be relatively higher in males than in females. The life expectancy in the country has on the other hand been constantly increasing with a corresponding increase in its projections. It is again notable that the life expectancy is relatively higher in women than in men through out the considered statistics (Dungan and Murphy, 2010). Emigration of Canadians as well as the number of those returning from foreign countries has been slightly fluctuating in the past years at less that two percent with a prediction of constant percentage figures. Immigration into the country has been oscillating with convergence to 0.7 percent at which it is projected to stabilize in future. The Canadian population is therefore identified to be majorly dependent on the birth rate and the life expectancy which is a fact or to mortality rate. The reduced birth rate towards the end of the twentieth century together with the generally increasing life expectancy reflects a threat to a shift in the demographic structure of the country with the tendency of an ageing population (Dungan and Murphy, 2010). Possible causes of the Ageing population in Canada The major determinants of the Canadian economy are identified to be the birth rate and the mortality rate with life expectancy determining the structure of the population. Studies under economics have revealed a paradox that contrary to the perception that improved national economies which is reflected in living standards and conditions should encourage and support higher rate of population increase, it has been noted that wealthy countries have been characterized by reduced number of children. It is recorded that the birth rates in developed countries have over the past years reduced from about eight percent to almost one percent in the current periods. This together with the increased life expectancy is significantly transforming the demographic patterns of these countries. A comparison of demographics indicates a transition in the structure and composition of populations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Population Ageing in Canada specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Four decades ago, the human development index was generally low across the globe with the highest possibly being realized in Canada at almost 0.9. The trend in Canada is realized to be characterized by reduced fertility rate under its high human development index. With the low fertility rates of almost one percent, the population of Canada is threatened by significant reduction since the rate is relatively lower that the mortality rates. The reduced birth rate has been a result of women empowerment that has witnessed their active engagement in employment activities. As a consequence, women moved to c ontrol their birth rates as a step to adjusting in their active role in economic activities. The result of the controlled birth rate is a shrinking population characterized by a relatively lower percentage of the young people in the country (Economist, 2009). Impacts of Ageing Population in Canada Population trend in Canada and many other developed countries has also shifted in terms of its relevance to the economies. In the early periods and up to the mid times of nineteenth century, when a number of countries started to introduce pension schemes, the life expectancies in variety of countries were generally low and people rarely reached old age. This view represented societies where every one was actively participating in the economy. The imminent impacts of the demographic change include the general reduction of the total population and the emergence of an economically less active population. The reduced population will as a result reduce the labor force in the economy leading to labor shortage. The shift in the population pattern also has the effect of reducing labor supply as the majority of the population will be too old to work, or even if they are fixed into the economy, they will not effectively yield the output that could have been realized from a younger employee. The impacts have not yet been felt, though expected to heavily impact the economy if no action is taken to avert the situation. Another significant problem is the expenditure on the elderly who will be economically passive and will depend on either government’s pension schemes or on family members for support (The Economist, 2009). Possible Policies to Alleviate Impacts of Ageing Population One of the possible measures of averting the imminent labor shortage in the future Canada, and any other country faced with the problem of an ageing population, is the importation of labor by encouraging immigration.Advertising Looking for essay on aging? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Solution could also be achieved through developing policies that will encourage women to have more children to increase the population of the young as well as recycling retirees into the economy (Economist, 2009). Conclusion The ageing population is evident in Canada. Caused by reduced birth rate and increased life expectancy, the changed demography is a threat to the country’s economy and necessary policies should be adopted to avert future labor shortage in Canada. References Dungan, P and Murphy, S. (2010). A Population Projection for Canada with an Updated Application to Health Care Expenditures. Toronto: University of Toronto. Economist. (2009). The best of all the world. The Economist. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/node/14164483/print?story_id=14164483 The Economist. (2009). The end of retirement. The Economist. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/node/13900145/print?story_id=13900145 This essay on Population Ageing in Canada was written and submitted by user Anderson Everett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay about Beauty Is Power

Essay about Beauty Is Power Essay about Beauty Is Power Beauty is Power Fairy tales, aiming at children, focus on a moral lesson, usually clear and recognizable. However, this tale engages in an unexpected idea; women are indeed powerful and independent. Although teaching an audience about how judgment of others is based on appearance, is essential, â€Å"Beauty and the Beast†, by Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, portrays actions of a surprisingly audacious woman taking no orders from a man, guiding the audience in a peculiar direction for this fairy tale. The classic story, â€Å"Beauty and the Beast†, begins with an introduction of a wealthy merchant and his six children, three boys and three girls. One of the daughters is gracefully known as Beauty, as opposed to the two other envious and malicious sisters. Due to an unexpected event, the family is left with no fortune, leaving behind a small house in the country. Disappointed and devastated, the father apologizes for his failure. Accepting the tragic event, Beauty does not show fear of being poor; however, the two sisters express great hopelessness. The story then continues with a call that requires the father to travel in hope of regaining their fortune. If prosperity is reclaimed, Beauty simply asks for a rose. After learning their wealth is truly gone, the father encounters a castle on his return – home of the ugly and terrifying Beast. The father, treated like a divine guest, decides to leave and remembers to get Beauty the rose. Catching the father in the garden, the Beast erupts with anger. In exchange for one of his daughters, the Beast offers forgiveness. Beauty steps forward, courageously, and offers her life. Once at the castle, the Beast repetitively asks Beauty to marry him; the answer is always no. Granting her wish to see her family, Beauty is able to go home and visit them, under strict rules of the Beast. Miserable and wed, the two sisters show their jealousy and anger by manipulating Beauty to stay longer than the Beastâ €™s desire. The Beast could not bear to live without her, which leads to his devastating attempt to starve himself, believing that she will not return. Surprisingly, Beauty adores the Beast and his personality – regardless of his appearance – which leads her to willingly agree to marry the Beast. Breaking the spell and transforming the Beast into a handsome prince, they live happily ever after. (de Beaumont 32–42) The traditional fairytale, â€Å"Beauty and the Beast†, illustrates the transition of the Beauty’s judgment of the Beast from a horrific and ugly creature into a compassionate and generous human. In the short story, the audience learns to accept a person for who they are and not based on their appearance. The Beast is first introduced to the reader when the father â€Å"[sees] a beast coming toward him. It [looks] so dreadful that he almost [faints]† (35). After hearing what their father has been through, his three boys want to kill the monster. Without knowing the Beast, the family jumps to conclusions, assuming the worst. The course of his transformation begins here. An act of kindness exposes the Beast’s warmer side when he tells the father to â€Å"fill [a large chest] with whatever [he likes]† and take it back home with him (35). Slowly but surely, the creature becomes more and more human in Beauty’s eyes. Terrified of the Beast, Beauty learns more about the Beast as she stays prisoner in his castle. He admits to Beauty that he knows he is kindhearted, however, still has a monstrous appearance (38). The story’s lesson becomes more apparent throughout the fairy tale as Beauty discovers the sympathetic side of the Beast. Even though Beauty is able to see through him and uncover his true identity, she thinks to herself, â€Å"it is too bad he is ugly, for he is so kind† (38). The moral of the story takes an unexpected leap because the heroine, the character one must l earn from, is confessing the truth about his looks. She, too, is guilty of judgment; however, Beauty experiences her own